1775 - Patrick Henry made his famous call for America's independence from Britain, telling the Virginia Provincial Convention, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
1743 - George Frideric Handel's oratorio "Messiah" had its London premiere.
1792 - Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 94 in G Major (the "Surprise" symphony) was performed publicly for the first time, in London.
1806 - explorers Lewis and Clark, having reached the Pacific coast, began their journey back east.
1919 - Benito Mussolini founded his Fascist political movement in Milan, Italy.
1933 - the German Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act, which effectively granted Adolf Hitler dictatorial legislative powers.
1942 - during World War Two, the US government began evacuating Japanese-Americans from their West Coast homes to detention centers.
1950 - at the Academy Awards, "All the King's Men" won best picture of 1949; its star, Broderick Crawford, won best actor. Olivia de Havilland won best actress for "The Heiress."
1956 - Pakistan became an independent republic within the British Commonwealth.
1965 - America's first two-person space flight began as Gemini Three blasted off from Cape Kennedy with astronauts Virgil I. Grissom and John W. Young aboard.
1983 - Dr. Barney Clark, recipient of a permanent artificial heart, died at the University of Utah Medical Center after 112 days with the device.
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