1970 - Ohio National Guardsmen opened fire during an anti-war protest at Kent State University, killing four students and wounding nine others. (Two of the students who died, Allison Krause and Jeffrey Miller, had been participating in the demonstration while the other two, Sandra Scheuer and William Schroeder, were passersby en route to their next classes.)
1626 - Dutch explorer Peter Minuit landed on present-day Manhattan Island.
1886 - at Haymarket Square in Chicago, a labor demonstration for an 8-hour work day turned into a deadly riot when a bomb exploded.
1904 - the United States took over construction of the Panama Canal.
1916 - responding to a demand from President Woodrow Wilson, Germany agreed to limit its submarine warfare. (However, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare the following year.)
1932 - mobster Al Capone, convicted of income-tax evasion, entered the federal penitentiary in Atlanta. (Capone was later transferred to Alcatraz Island.)
1945 - during World War II, German forces in the Netherlands, Denmark and northwest Germany agreed to surrender.
1946 - a two-day riot at Alcatraz prison in San Francisco Bay ended, the violence having claimed five lives.
1960 - actress-comedian Lucille Ball divorced her husband, Desi Arnaz, after 20 years of marriage.
1961 - a group of "Freedom Riders" left Washington, D.C. for New Orleans to challenge racial segregation on interstate buses and in bus terminals.
1980 - Marshal Josip Broz Tito, president of Yugoslavia, died three days before his 88th birthday.
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